diff --git a/plugins/files/frontend/src/index.js b/plugins/files/frontend/src/index.js
index 9bf4329..2d35bb8 100644
--- a/plugins/files/frontend/src/index.js
+++ b/plugins/files/frontend/src/index.js
@@ -322,15 +322,16 @@
     return Promise.reject(new Error('clipboard unavailable'));
   }
 
-  function showExternalFallback(entry, mode) {
+  function showExternalFallback(entry, mode, labels) {
     if (!entry) return;
+    labels = labels || {};
     var pathToShow = entry.relativePath;
     if (mode === 'explorer' && entry.type !== 'folder') {
       pathToShow = parentPath(entry.relativePath) || entry.relativePath;
     }
-    var title = mode === 'explorer' ? 'Show in Explorer' : 'Open External';
-    var message = title + ' failed.\nVault-relative path:\n' + pathToShow;
-    confirmModal(message, { confirmText: 'Copy Path', cancelText: 'Close' }).then(function (copy) {
+    var title = mode === 'explorer' ? (labels.showInFolder || 'Show in folder') : (labels.openExternal || 'Open externally');
+    var message = (labels.externalFailed || '{action} failed.').replace('{action}', title) + '\n' + (labels.vaultRelativePath || 'Vault-relative path:') + '\n' + pathToShow;
+    confirmModal(message, { confirmText: labels.copyPath || 'Copy path', cancelText: labels.close || 'Close' }).then(function (copy) {
       if (!copy) return;
       copyTextToClipboard(pathToShow).catch(function (err) {
         console.error('[files] copy path failed:', err);
@@ -1026,7 +1027,11 @@
       function trashEntry(entry) {
         var count = selectedCount();
         if (entry) {
-          confirmModal('Move "' + entry.name + '" to trash?', { danger: true }).then(function (ok) {
+          confirmModal(tr('ui.trashConfirm', { name: entry.name }, 'Move "' + entry.name + '" to trash?'), {
+            danger: true,
+            confirmText: tr('ui.trash', null, 'Move to trash'),
+            cancelText: tr('ui.cancel', null, 'Cancel')
+          }).then(function (ok) {
             if (!ok) return;
             api.files.trash(entry.relativePath).then(function () {
               loadEntries();
@@ -1035,7 +1040,11 @@
             });
           });
         } else if (count > 1) {
-          confirmModal('Move ' + count + ' items to trash?', { danger: true }).then(function (ok) {
+          confirmModal(tr('ui.trashManyConfirm', { count: count }, 'Move ' + count + ' items to trash?'), {
+            danger: true,
+            confirmText: tr('ui.trash', null, 'Move to trash'),
+            cancelText: tr('ui.cancel', null, 'Cancel')
+          }).then(function (ok) {
             if (!ok) return;
             var paths = Object.keys(selectedPaths);
             Promise.allSettled(paths.map(function (p) { return api.files.trash(p); })).then(function () {
@@ -1080,15 +1089,23 @@
 
       function openExternalEntry(entry, mode) {
         if (!entry) return;
+        var fallbackLabels = {
+          openExternal: tr('ui.openExternal', null, 'Open externally'),
+          showInFolder: tr('ui.showInFolder', null, 'Show in folder'),
+          externalFailed: tr('ui.externalFailed', null, '{action} failed.'),
+          vaultRelativePath: tr('ui.vaultRelativePath', null, 'Vault-relative path:'),
+          copyPath: tr('ui.copyPath', null, 'Copy path'),
+          close: tr('ui.close', null, 'Close')
+        };
         var filesApi = api && api.files;
         var action = mode === 'explorer' ? filesApi && filesApi.showInFolder : filesApi && filesApi.openExternal;
         if (typeof action !== 'function') {
-          showExternalFallback(entry, mode);
+          showExternalFallback(entry, mode, fallbackLabels);
           return;
         }
         action(entry.relativePath).catch(function (err) {
           console.warn('[verstak.files] external open error:', err);
-          showExternalFallback(entry, mode);
+          showExternalFallback(entry, mode, fallbackLabels);
         });
       }
 
@@ -1134,27 +1151,27 @@
             renderList();
           }
           var isFolder = entry.type === 'folder';
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(isFolder ? 'Open Folder' : 'Open', '', function () { openEntry(entry); }, 'open', 'open'));
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Open External', '', function () { openExternalEntry(entry, 'external'); }, 'open-external', 'external'));
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Show in Explorer', '', function () { openExternalEntry(entry, 'explorer'); }, 'show-in-explorer', 'explorer'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(isFolder ? tr('ui.openFolder', null, 'Open folder') : tr('ui.open', null, 'Open'), '', function () { openEntry(entry); }, 'open', 'open'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.openExternal', null, 'Open externally'), '', function () { openExternalEntry(entry, 'external'); }, 'open-external', 'external'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.showInFolder', null, 'Show in folder'), '', function () { openExternalEntry(entry, 'explorer'); }, 'show-in-explorer', 'explorer'));
           appendContributionMenuItems(entry);
           ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxSep());
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Rename', '', function () { beginRename(entry); }, 'rename', 'rename'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.rename', null, 'Rename'), '', function () { beginRename(entry); }, 'rename', 'rename'));
           if (entry.type !== 'folder') {
-            ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Duplicate', '', function () { duplicateEntry(entry); }, 'duplicate', 'duplicate'));
+            ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.duplicate', null, 'Duplicate'), '', function () { duplicateEntry(entry); }, 'duplicate', 'duplicate'));
           }
           ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxSep());
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Cut', '', function () { cutSelection(); }, 'cut', 'cut'));
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Copy', '', function () { copySelection(); }, 'copy', 'copy'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.cut', null, 'Cut'), '', function () { cutSelection(); }, 'cut', 'cut'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.copy', null, 'Copy'), '', function () { copySelection(); }, 'copy', 'copy'));
           ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxSep());
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Move to Trash', 'danger', function () { trashEntry(); }, 'trash', 'trash'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.trash', null, 'Move to trash'), 'danger', function () { trashEntry(); }, 'trash', 'trash'));
         } else {
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('New Folder', '', function () { startCreate('folder'); }, 'new-folder', 'folderAdd'));
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('New Markdown', '', function () { startCreate('markdown'); }, 'new-markdown', 'markdownAdd'));
-          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('New Text', '', function () { startCreate('text'); }, 'new-text', 'textAdd'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.newFolder', null, 'New folder'), '', function () { startCreate('folder'); }, 'new-folder', 'folderAdd'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.newMarkdown', null, 'New Markdown file'), '', function () { startCreate('markdown'); }, 'new-markdown', 'markdownAdd'));
+          ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.newText', null, 'New text file'), '', function () { startCreate('text'); }, 'new-text', 'textAdd'));
           if (window.__filesClipboard && window.__filesClipboard.items && window.__filesClipboard.items.length) {
             ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxSep());
-            ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem('Paste', '', function () { pasteEntry(); }, 'paste', 'paste'));
+            ctxMenu.appendChild(ctxItem(tr('ui.paste', null, 'Paste'), '', function () { pasteEntry(); }, 'paste', 'paste'));
           }
         }
         ctxMenu.style.display = 'block';
@@ -1247,7 +1264,7 @@
         var clip = window.__filesClipboard;
         if (!clip || !clip.items || clip.items.length === 0) return;
         if (clip.workspaceRoot && clip.workspaceRoot !== workspaceRoot) {
-          window.alert('Clipboard items belong to another workspace.');
+          window.alert(tr('ui.clipboardDifferentDeal', null, 'Clipboard items belong to another Deal.'));
           return;
         }
         var destinationDir = scopedPath(currentPath);
diff --git a/plugins/files/locales/en.json b/plugins/files/locales/en.json
index 6ca34fd..289b9cf 100644
--- a/plugins/files/locales/en.json
+++ b/plugins/files/locales/en.json
@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@
   "ui.newMarkdown": "New markdown file",
   "ui.newText": "New text file",
   "ui.open": "Open",
+  "ui.openFolder": "Open folder",
+  "ui.openExternal": "Open externally",
+  "ui.showInFolder": "Show in folder",
   "ui.rename": "Rename",
+  "ui.duplicate": "Duplicate",
   "ui.trash": "Move to trash",
   "ui.cut": "Cut",
   "ui.copy": "Copy",
@@ -37,6 +41,13 @@
   "ui.invalidName": "Enter a valid name.",
   "ui.nameDiffersOnlyByCase": "The name differs only by letter case.",
   "ui.nameConflict": "An item with that name already exists.",
+  "ui.externalFailed": "{action} failed.",
+  "ui.vaultRelativePath": "Vault-relative path:",
+  "ui.copyPath": "Copy path",
+  "ui.close": "Close",
+  "ui.trashConfirm": "Move \"{name}\" to trash?",
+  "ui.trashManyConfirm": "Move {count} items to trash?",
+  "ui.clipboardDifferentDeal": "Clipboard items belong to another Deal.",
   "ui.emptyFolder": "Empty folder",
   "ui.noMatches": "No matches",
   "ui.clearFilter": "Clear filter",
diff --git a/plugins/files/locales/ru.json b/plugins/files/locales/ru.json
index 5248060..faeeb3f 100644
--- a/plugins/files/locales/ru.json
+++ b/plugins/files/locales/ru.json
@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@
   "ui.newMarkdown": "Новый Markdown-файл",
   "ui.newText": "Новый текстовый файл",
   "ui.open": "Открыть",
+  "ui.openFolder": "Открыть папку",
+  "ui.openExternal": "Открыть во внешнем приложении",
+  "ui.showInFolder": "Показать в папке",
   "ui.rename": "Переименовать",
+  "ui.duplicate": "Создать копию",
   "ui.trash": "Переместить в корзину",
   "ui.cut": "Вырезать",
   "ui.copy": "Копировать",
@@ -37,6 +41,13 @@
   "ui.invalidName": "Введите корректное название.",
   "ui.nameDiffersOnlyByCase": "Название отличается только регистром букв.",
   "ui.nameConflict": "Элемент с таким названием уже существует.",
+  "ui.externalFailed": "Не удалось выполнить действие «{action}».",
+  "ui.vaultRelativePath": "Путь относительно хранилища:",
+  "ui.copyPath": "Скопировать путь",
+  "ui.close": "Закрыть",
+  "ui.trashConfirm": "Переместить «{name}» в корзину?",
+  "ui.trashManyConfirm": "Переместить в корзину {count} элементов?",
+  "ui.clipboardDifferentDeal": "Элементы буфера обмена принадлежат другому Делу.",
   "ui.emptyFolder": "Папка пуста",
   "ui.noMatches": "Совпадений нет",
   "ui.clearFilter": "Сбросить фильтр",
diff --git a/scripts/smoke-files-plugin.js b/scripts/smoke-files-plugin.js
index 5a6cfef..ee6eb43 100755
--- a/scripts/smoke-files-plugin.js
+++ b/scripts/smoke-files-plugin.js
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ function loadFilesComponent(document) {
   return { component, clipboard: sandbox.navigator.clipboard };
 }
 
-function makeApi() {
+function makeApi(options = {}) {
   const externalCalls = [];
   const contributionCalls = [];
   const created = [];
@@ -317,6 +317,15 @@ function makeApi() {
         };
       },
     },
+    i18n: {
+      t: (key, params, fallback) => {
+        let value = options.translations && options.translations[key] ? options.translations[key] : (fallback || key);
+        Object.entries(params || {}).forEach(([name, replacement]) => {
+          value = value.replace(`{${name}}`, String(replacement));
+        });
+        return value;
+      },
+    },
     showExternalFile() {
       externalVisible = true;
     },
@@ -444,6 +453,31 @@ async function flush() {
     throw new Error(`external file row not rendered after file.changed: ${container.textContent}`);
   }
 
+  const russianDocument = makeDocument();
+  const { component: russianComponent } = loadFilesComponent(russianDocument);
+  const russianApi = makeApi({
+    translations: {
+      'ui.open': 'Открыть',
+      'ui.openExternal': 'Открыть во внешнем приложении',
+      'ui.showInFolder': 'Показать в папке',
+      'ui.rename': 'Переименовать',
+      'ui.duplicate': 'Создать копию',
+      'ui.cut': 'Вырезать',
+      'ui.copy': 'Копировать',
+      'ui.trash': 'Переместить в корзину',
+    },
+  });
+  const russianContainer = new FakeNode('div');
+  russianComponent.mount(russianContainer, {}, russianApi);
+  await flush();
+  const russianList = walk(russianContainer, (node) => node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute('data-files-list') !== undefined);
+  const russianRow = walk(russianContainer, (node) => node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute('data-file-path') === 'Docs/readme.md');
+  russianList.dispatchEvent('contextmenu', { target: russianRow, clientX: 20, clientY: 20 });
+  const russianMenuText = russianDocument.body.textContent;
+  ['Открыть во внешнем приложении', 'Показать в папке', 'Переименовать', 'Создать копию', 'Вырезать', 'Копировать', 'Переместить в корзину'].forEach((label) => {
+    if (!russianMenuText.includes(label)) throw new Error(`context menu label was not localized: ${label}`);
+  });
+
   console.log('files frontend smoke passed');
 })().catch((err) => {
   console.error(err);